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Monday, January 30, 2012

Technology To Tackle Poverty

Amrit Bhandari

While a significant number of efforts have been expended both by the government and private sector to improve the country’s agricultural system, no such noteworthy achievements, however, have been experienced when it comes to automation and industrialisation of agriculture in the truest sense. While a growing number of farmers are making it as a living, agriculture remains an underexploited profession for majority of the Nepalese, despite it offering tremendous potential for the country’s economy and people’s financial and physical wellbeing.

Limited access to information, modest use of technology and lack of robust infrastructure such as roads are primary obstacles in motivating farmers to become more engaged and involved in commercial agricultural farming. Modern technology has brought significant changes in the agricultural sector; nonetheless there are few cynicisms in its proper and genuine application.

Appropriate technology
Notwithstanding the loopholes of technology, systematic practices around the world have proved that appropriate technology definitely contributes to the betterment of agricultural production.

It was last April that I visited Joshipur, a village in Kailali district where a large number of local farmers are engaged in vegetable farming, which has produced sound returns on investment for them.

Upon the recommendation of a few farmers and the general public, including social activists, I made my way to see Layak Ram Chaudhary, one with a knack for innovation and use of appropriate technology.

With just a small patch of land, I was surprised to see him making a fortune, winning public laurels and becoming an inspiration for those around him and beyond. His contribution to the community, economically and socially, is substantial, his willingness to help others goes beyond word and his friendliness is contagious.

But he doesn’t limit himself to commercial agriculture here. He has bigger plans and projects in the offing. Listening to his ideas and lofty dreams had me not only spellbound but also nudged me into becoming a farmer. He wants to change his life and that of farmers like him and others in the community. What enthusiasm!

Layak Ram showed me his poly-house and off-farm cultivation and proudly explained how he had been successful in vegetable farming. "I have bought a tractor," an exuberant Layak Ram said, showing me a pile of appreciation certificates granted by various organisations.

"We have only two katthas of land. The paddy we cultivated hardly was enough to feed 11 members of my family for 3 to 4 months," he said. "I was compelled to work as a wage labourer for many years just to make ends meet. Sir, when I got an opportunity to participate in a training on vegetable farming, I learned about the poly-house."

A poly-house is a simple technology that has brought tremendous changes in the life of Layak Ram and many others. While he is a shining example of how such technology along with training and education can make a paradigm shift in agriculture farming, there are hundreds of other families who have benefitted from this technology.

A project supported by the European Union and implemented by Practical Action in Kailali district, it has literally re-made the lives of a number of farmers. Layak Ram is at the forefront of practice - he has been highly successful in learning well and applying it right.

"My father originally resented the idea when I told him about the poly-house and vegetable farming on the land where we have been growing paddy using conventional methods for a long time," said Layak Ram.

"It was very difficult to convince him as he was not convinced that the poly-house would turn our life for the better."

In spite of his father’s objection, Layak Ram decided to give it a chance. He collected bamboo available locally, bought plastic sheets and ropes in the local market and constructed a poly-house.

"I learned different technologies during the 10-day training about vegetable farming," he said. During the first year, he planted cauliflowers and tomatoes on his land and earned Rs. 10,000. His family’s happiness knew no bound. The following year saw a sharp increase in Layak Ram’s income to Rs. 70,000 that motivated him to buy a tractor on instalment payment. Since then, there has been no turning back.

"I have raised my production level and earned more, helping me to educate my children and sisters," says Layak Ram. Layak Ram represents majority of the farmers of Kailali and serves as a model worthy of replication across the nation. It also shows educators, developers and policymakers alike how relevant technology and corresponding training can help poor farmers improve their lives across the nation.

A poly-house can be built with locally available materials that can significantly reduce the construction cost as affordability is a major concern for many farmers. The most discerning benefit of the poly-house is that the farmers can grow both seasonal and off-season vegetables at the same time.

"Though a small investment and labour are required to erect it, good earnings from off-season vegetables can well offset such an investment," says Ashik Mandal, technical assistant, District Development Office, Kailali. These houses generally last about three years.

Small is Beautiful
As I continue to study, explore and decipher Nepal’s development landscape and efforts made by individuals and organisations to change and enrich the lives of many around the country, I can’t help but be grateful to Ernst Friedrich Fritz Schumacher, an economist and author of "Small is Beautiful"- a study of economics as if people mattered. It is among the 100 most influential books published since World War II and the author is behind the Intermediate Technology Development Group, now called Practical Action.

Both through his book and Practical Action, Schumacher’s vision and ideas continue to generate momentum on how appropriate technology can tackle poverty by pulling poor farmers out of abject poverty and famine.

The article was published in The Rising Nepal on 31 Jan 2012. The link contains the article- http://www.gorkhapatra.org.np/rising.detail.php?article_id=62949&cat_id=7

(The writer works at Practical Action Nepal Office.

abamritofficial@gmail.com)

पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताको अवस्था

अमृत भण्डारी
नेपालका अधिकांश किसान पशुपालन र कृषि व्यवसायमा संलग्न छन् । जीविकोपार्जनको मुख्य पेसा कृषि भएका कारण सरकारले लामो समय यता विभिन्न किसिमका कार्यक्रममार्फत् किसानलाई सेवा तथा सहयोग पुर्‍याउने कोषिस गरेकोछ । सरकारीस्तरबाट पशु सेवा विभागले ग्रामीण किसानलाई पशुपालन व्यवसायमा सहयोग पुर्‍याउने उद्देश्यले ग्रामीण पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताको अवधारणा अगाडि बढाएको छ । त्यस्तै अन्य राष्ट्रिय तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सङ्घ संस्थाले पनि आ-आफ्ना कार्यक्रममार्फत् ग्रामीण पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताको तालिम उपलब्ध गराउदै आएका छन् ।

पैतीस दिनको ग्रामीण पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताको तालिम लिएका यस्ता थुप्रै युवा गाउँगाउँमा छन् । जसले पशुको प्राथमिकदेखि अन्य उपचार गर्न सक्ने क्षमता राख्छन् । सयौं युवालाई ग्रामीण पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताको तालिम प्रदान गरे पनि उनीहरूको सेवा गाउँस्तरमा त्यति प्रभावकारी हुन सकेको पाइँदैन । तालिमपछि अधिकांश कार्यकर्ताले दीर्घकालीन रुपमा व्यवसाय गरेको पाइँदैन् । यसको मुख्य कारण तालिमपछि उनीहरूले पशु स्वास्थ्य सेवालाई व्यावसायिक रुपमा अगाडि बढाउन नसक्नु हो ।

पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताको अवधारणालाई ठोस र दीर्घकालीनरुपमा सेवा प्रदान गराउने प्रणालीमा समावेश गर्ने हो भने तालिम मात्रै प्रयाप्त नहुने देखिन्छ । यसका लागि तालिमपछि यस्ता कार्यकर्तालाई एग्रोभेट सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि सुलभ ऋण प्रदान गर्ने र गाउँमै बसेर सेवा सञ्चालन गर्न सक्ने वातावरणको विकास गर्न सक्नु पर्दछ । पशुमा कुनै समस्या देखिएमा उपचारका लागि आवश्यक औषधि तथा उपकरण यस्ता कार्यकर्ताले गाउँमै उपलब्ध गराउन सके मात्रै उनीहरूको सेवा प्रभावकारी हुन सक्छ । मौखिकरुपमा दिने सल्लाह तथा सेवाले न त किसानले नै पर्याप्त मात्रामा गाउँमै सेवा पाउन सक्छन न त पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताको पेसाले उनीहरूको जीविकोपार्जनमा सहयोग पुर्‍याउन सक्छ । जसले गर्दा यस्तो तालिम लिएका केही युवा गाउँघरमा काम पाउन छाडेपछि विदेसिन थालेको अवस्था छ ।

पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताको तालिम लिएका युवा विदेसिने क्रम बढेमा सरकारी वा अन्य निकायबाट उनीहरूका लागि गरेको लगानीको कुनै अर्थ रहँदैन । साथै ग्रामीण किसान पनि पाउनु पर्ने सेवाबाट बञ्चित हुदै जानेछन् । कार्यकर्ताको सेवालाई प्रभावकारी बनाउनका लागि उनीहरूलाई एग्रोभेट सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि ऋण सुविधा र उपकरण उपलब्ध गराउनु पहिलो प्राथमिकता हुनु पर्ने देखिन्छ । साथै ग्रामीण पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताको राष्ट्रियस्तरमा सङ्घ स्थापना गरेमा उनीहरूको व्यवसायले सामाजिक पहिचान पाउन सक्छ ।

एकातर्फ ग्रामीण स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताका लागि तालिम पछि दिनुपर्ने सुविधा उपलब्ध गराउनु जरुरी छ भने अर्कोतर्फ किसानलाई कृषि तथा पशुपालन व्यवसायमा आकषिर्त गर्नका लागिवित्तीय सेवामा पहुँच पुर्‍याउने, पशुधन सुरक्षण कार्यक्रमलाई विस्तार गर्ने, बजारको व्यवस्था गर्नका लागि निजी क्षेत्रलाई आफ्ना कार्यक्रममा समेट्ने जस्ता अनुकुल वातावरणको सिर्जना गर्नु पर्ने देखिन्छ । यथेष्ठ मात्रामा सेवा उपलब्ध भएमा र कृषि र पशुपालनबाट राम्रो आम्दानी गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने विश्वास किसानमा जगाउन सके मात्र किसान निर्वाहमुखी व्यवसायबाट व्यावसायिकतातर्फ आकषिर्त हुन सक्छन् । ग्रामीण पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताले पनि गाउँमै काम पाउन सक्छन् । किसानले अपनाउने कृषि तथा पशुपालन व्यवसायमा ग्रामीण पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताको व्यवसाय निर्भर हुने भएकोले किसानका लागि पनि पशुपालन व्यवसाय अपनाउनका लागि आवश्यक संरचनाको निर्माण गर्नु पर्ने देखिन्छ ।

सरकारी वा गैरसरकारी संस्थाले आफ्ना कार्यक्रम तथा परियोजना सञ्चालनमा यदि ग्रामीण पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताको अवधारणा राखेका छन् भने यस्ता कार्यक्रम तथा परियोजना सम्पन्न हुँदा अपनाउनु पर्ने रणनीतिमा ग्रामीण पशु स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्तालाई दीर्घकालीन रुपमा काम गर्ने क्षमताको विकास गर्नेतर्फ ध्यान दिनुपदर्छ । यसबाट किसानले भरपर्दो र आवश्यक सेवा गाउँमै पाउन सक्छन् । तालिम उपलब्ध गराउने एक किसिमको कार्यक्रम हुन सक्छ भने त्यसलाई दिगोरुप दिने अर्को पाटोलाई पनि बिर्सन हुदैन । जसले गर्दा परियोजना वा कार्यक्रम सञ्चालन गर्न चाहे सरकारी होस वा गैरसरकारी संस्था उनीहरूले गरेको कार्यक्रमको दिगो प्रभाव ग्रामीण स्तरसम्म पर्न सक्छ । साथै एउटा तालिमबाट बेरोजगार युवाले गाउँमै आफ्नो सेवा प्रदान गर्ने र आफ्नो जीविकोपार्जन सुनिश्चित गर्ने अवसर पाउन सक्छन् । दाता वा सरकारले गरेको लगानीको उचित प्रयोग र अर्थ हुन सक्छ ।

The article was published in Gorkhapatra Daily on - 30 Jan 2012
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http://www.gorkhapatra.org.np/gopa.detail.php?article_id=62867&cat_id=18